{"id":109965,"date":"2023-04-03T05:02:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-02T23:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/?p=109965"},"modified":"2023-04-05T22:47:26","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T17:17:26","slug":"%e0%ae%87%e0%ae%a8%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%a4%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%af%e0%ae%be%e0%ae%b5%e0%ae%bf%e0%ae%b2%e0%af%8d-%e0%ae%85%e0%ae%a3%e0%af%81%e0%ae%95%e0%af%8d%e0%ae%95%e0%ae%b0%e0%af%81-%e0%ae%8e%e0%ae%b0%e0%ae%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/?p=109965","title":{"rendered":"\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 [2023]"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dr. Homi J. Bhabha <\/strong>(1909 \u2013 1966)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b9a\u0bbf.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0b9c\u0bc6\u0baf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd<\/strong><\/span>, B.E.(Hons), P.Eng.(Nuclear)\u00a0<\/strong>\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bcd\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbe \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0ba9\u0bcd [\u0b86\u0b95\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 <\/strong>22, 1921]<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc7 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0bb1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9!\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd !\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0b9c\u0bb5\u0bb9\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 20 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb3 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bb3\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1!\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe [<\/strong>1948]<\/strong>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Nuclear Power is Unclear to People.<\/span><\/b>
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

Fusion Power is Confusion to the Public.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\"image.png\"<\/p>\n

\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8 <\/b><\/span>[\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe &\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe]<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf, \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bc8\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcb-\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bb3 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd [\u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc8 <\/strong>2003]<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 18 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bc1 (\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bbe) \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe (\u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd) (<\/strong>1964)<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Indian\u00a0N<\/span>uclear\u00a0R<\/span>eactor\u00a0A<\/span>chieves\u00a0G<\/span>lobal\u00a0M<\/span>ilestone<\/h3>\n

An Indian made nuclear power plant at Rawatbhata in Rajasthan created history by running un-interrupted and continuously for a period 765 days a little over two years. The 220 MW reactor\u2019s achievement beats an American reactor which ran for 739 days at one stretch. Unit-5 at Rajasthan a Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) made in 2010 now takes on the global rank number two. The pole position is still held by a Canadian reactor, Ontario Power Corporation\u2019s Pickering-7 plant ran for 894 days, (Photo by Pallava Bagla\/Corbis via Getty Images)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Currently, twenty-two nuclear power reactors have a total install capacity of 6,780 MW (1.8% of total installed base).<\/p>\n

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\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bb7\u0bcd\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Operational nuclear power plants in India<\/caption>\n
POWER STATION<\/th>\nOPERATOR<\/th>\nSTATE<\/th>\nTYPE<\/th>\nUNITS<\/th>\nTOTAL CAPACITY<\/p>\n

(MW)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

Kaiga<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nKarnataka<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-220<\/a><\/td>\n220\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04<\/td>\n880<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kakrapar<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nGujarat<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-220<\/a><\/p>\n

IPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n

220\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/p>\n

700 \u00d7\u00a01<\/td>\n

1140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam<\/a>[116]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/a><\/td>\nVVER-1000<\/a><\/td>\n1000\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n2,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chennai (Kalpakkam)<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-220<\/a><\/td>\n220\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Narora<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nUttar Pradesh<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-220<\/a><\/td>\n220\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/a><\/td>\nCANDU<\/a><\/p>\n

IPHWR-220<\/a><\/td>\n

200 x 1<\/p>\n

220\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04<\/td>\n

1,080<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tarapur<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/a><\/td>\nBWR<\/a><\/p>\n

IPHWR-540<\/td>\n

160 x 2<\/p>\n

540\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n

1,400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
TOTAL<\/th>\n<\/th>\n8,380<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Nuclear power plants and reactors under construction in India<\/span><\/p>\n<\/caption>\n

POWER STATION<\/th>\nOPERATOR<\/th>\nSTATE<\/th>\nTYPE<\/th>\nUNITS<\/th>\nTOTAL CAPACITY<\/p>\n

(MW)<\/th>\n

EXPECTED COMMERCIAL OPERATION<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Chennai (Kalpakkam)<\/a>[118]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nBhavini<\/a><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/a><\/td>\nPFBR<\/a><\/td>\n500\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01<\/td>\n500<\/td>\n2022[119]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kakrapar Unit 4<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nGujarat<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01<\/td>\n700<\/td>\nMarch 2024[120]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaiga<\/a>[121]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nKarnataka<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,400<\/td>\nwaiting concrete pour, 2026[122]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gorakhpur<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nHaryana<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,400<\/td>\nwaiting concrete pour, 2025[119]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan Unit 7 and 8<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,400<\/td>\n2022[119]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam Unit 3, 4, 5 & 6<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/a><\/td>\nVVER-1000<\/a><\/td>\n1000\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04<\/td>\n4,000[123]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n2025-2027[119]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
TOTAL<\/th>\n<\/th>\n9,400<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tfoot>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Planned nuclear power plants in India<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/caption>\n
POWER STATION<\/th>\nOPERATOR<\/th>\nSTATE<\/th>\nTYPE<\/th>\nUNITS<\/th>\nTOTAL CAPACITY
\n(MW)<\/th>\n		STATUS<\/th>\nEXPECTED COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Jaitapur<\/a>[126]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/a><\/td>\nEPR<\/a><\/td>\n1650\u00a0\u00d7\u00a06<\/td>\n9,900<\/td>\nPlanned<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kovvada<\/a>[127]<\/a><\/span>[128]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nAndhra Pradesh<\/a><\/td>\nAP1000<\/a><\/td>\n1100\u00a0\u00d7\u00a06<\/td>\n6,600<\/td>\nHold<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kavali<\/a>[129]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nAndhra Pradesh<\/a><\/td>\nVVER<\/a><\/td>\n1000 x 6<\/td>\n6000<\/td>\nPlanned<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gorakhpur<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nHaryana<\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,400[117]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nApproved<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mahi Banswara<\/a>[126]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a04<\/td>\n2,800<\/td>\nApproved<\/td>\n2031 (x2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chutka<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nMadhya Pradesh<\/a><\/td>\nIPHWR-700<\/a><\/td>\n700\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,400<\/td>\nApproved<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chennai<\/a>[126]<\/a><\/span><\/td>\nBHAVINI<\/a><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/a><\/td>\nFBR<\/a><\/td>\n600\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02<\/td>\n1,200<\/td>\nPlanned<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tarapur<\/a><\/td>\nNPCIL<\/a><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/a><\/td>\nAHWR<\/a><\/td>\n300\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01<\/td>\n300<\/td>\nPlanned<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOTAL<\/th>\n<\/th>\n31,000<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Note: Some sites may be abandoned if not found technically feasible or due to strategic, geopolitical, international and domestic issues.<\/i><\/small><\/p>\n

Nuclear electricity generation<\/span><\/h2>\n

The details of the nuclear power generation capacity in the country are given below\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
FISCAL YEAR<\/a><\/th>\nNUCLEAR ELECTRICITY
\nGENERATION (GWH<\/a>)<\/th>\n		CAPACITY FACTOR<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
2008\u201309<\/td>\n14,921<\/td>\n50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2009\u201310<\/td>\n18,798<\/td>\n61%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2010\u201311<\/td>\n26,472<\/td>\n71%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011\u201312<\/td>\n32,455<\/td>\n79%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012\u201313<\/td>\n32,863<\/td>\n80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013\u201314<\/td>\n35,333<\/td>\n83%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2014\u201315<\/td>\n37,835<\/td>\n82%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2015\u201316<\/td>\n37,456<\/td>\n75%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2016\u201317<\/td>\n37,674<\/td>\n80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2017\u201318<\/td>\n38,336<\/td>\n70%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2018\u201319<\/td>\n37,813<\/td>\n70%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019\u201320<\/td>\n46,472<\/td>\n82%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2020-21<\/td>\n43,029<\/td>\n81%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

*********************************<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bbf \u0baf\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 [Cow Dung Age] \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baf\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0baf\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0b9c\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb9\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1. 1945 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe, \u0bb0\u0bb7\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bbe, \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b88\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Atomic Research Reactors] \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 1950-1960 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0b9a\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Test Atomic Power Reactors] \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Commercial Atomic Power Stations] \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0ba4\u0bc2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0bb9\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd [Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha] \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 1954 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bca\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd [Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay] \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n1958 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd 14 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 [Indian Atomic Energy Commission] \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd [Chairman] \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7.<\/p>\n

\u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd [Dr Vikram Sarabai] \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b8f\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 [Thumba Rocket Launching Centre] \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe \u0b86\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0b8f\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba3\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9!\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0b8f\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.\u00a0 1974 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb3 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd [Underground Atomic Implosion] \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1!\u00a0 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd! \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf [Theoretical Physicist].\u00a0 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Engineering Skill] \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd [Architect].\u00a0 \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5 \u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b88\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bca\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre] \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b9f \u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd [Cosmic Rays] \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b92\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 [Behaviour of Sub-atomic Particles] \u0ba8\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bc7\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd [Advanced Physics] \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 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\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Organizations for the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy] \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b83\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bcb \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0b9f\u0bbf [Fellow of Royal Society] \u0b95\u0bcc\u0bb0\u0bb5 \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

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\u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bbf \u0b95\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd 1909 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd 30 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bca\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Bombay] \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Mechanical Engineering] \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1, 1927 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge] \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd [Paul Dirac (1902-1984)].\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Theoretical Physics] \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd [Relativistic Electron Theory] \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd-\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd [Anti-Particles] \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd [Positron] \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b89\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1. 1933 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Wave Mechanics] \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bca\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

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1930 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0bb9\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb7\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Cavendish Laboratories] \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b88\u0bb0\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9c\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf [Wolfgang Pauli], \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcb \u00b7\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbf [Enrico Fermi], \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb9\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bcd [Neils Bohr], \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1 [Mass Energy Equation] \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b90\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd [Albert Einstein] \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbf, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bbf, \u0b83\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbf, \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb9\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b90\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

1935 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0b83\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b83\u0baa\u0bbf [Ph.D.] \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1, 1939 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc7\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9c\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b83\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bcb \u0b86\u0b83\u0baa\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bca\u0b9a\u0bc8\u0b9f\u0bbf [Fellow of Royal Society] \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bae\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd F.R.S. \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd W.B. \u0bb2\u0bc2\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd [Dr. W. B. Lewis], \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 1957 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8, \u0b9a\u0bc8\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd [Canada India Reactor, CIRUS] \u0bae\u0bca\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe, \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b87\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 [CANDU] \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe-\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

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\u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd [High Energy Physics] \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd [Quantum Electrodynamics] \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd [Absorption of High Energy Gamma Rays in Matter] \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95 [Electron Showers] \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd [Positron] \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8 [Cross Section], 1935 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe.\u00a0 [\u0bae\u0bc1\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1. \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd (Probabilty) \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1].\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u201c\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bcd\u201d [Bhabha Scattering] \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8a\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Highly Penetrating Particles] \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2, \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 1937 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, 1946 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc2\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b86\u0bb4\u0bae\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd \u0b8a\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc2-\u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd [Mu-Meson] \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd [Vector Meson] \u0b87\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bc8, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

1938 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bae\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95\u0bae\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b90\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u201c\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u201d [Special Theory of Relativity] \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 [Time Dilation Effect] \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc0\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc7 \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

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\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

1939 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc2\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe, \u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.\u00a0 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb4\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Bangalore, Indian Institute of Science] \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd [Cosmic Rays] \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf. \u0bb5\u0bbf. \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd [Director Dr. C.V. Raman (1888-1970)].\u00a0 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bc8, \u0b86\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

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1944 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd [The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research] \u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd 1945 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b85\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd [Director] \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b86\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba4 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 1952 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Fundamental Particle, Mason] \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u201c\u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb8\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u201d [Menon Mason] \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bae\u0bcd.\u0b9c\u0bbf.\u0b95\u0bc7. \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcb\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bcd, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bbe \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbe \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0b9a\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb3\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b89\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b92\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8a\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Indian Rare Earths], \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf [Moderator] \u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd , \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd [Radioactive Fission Products] \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0baf\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8 [Spent Fuel Reprocessing Plant], \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 [Nuclear Fuel Bundle Fabrication], \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b86\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Control System Instrumentations, Radiation Monitors], \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9 \u0baf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0baa\u0bc2\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9e\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf, \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
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\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 [Research Reactors] \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u201c\u0b85\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bb0\u0bbe\u201d \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Swimming Pool Reactor, Apsara], \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u201c\u0bb8\u0bc8\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd\u201d \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Canada India Reactor Utility & Service, Cirus] \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, Now Bhabha Atomic Research Centre] \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bb8\u0bc8\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 1957 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b8e\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 NRX \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.\u00a0 1960 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb8\u0bc8\u0bb0\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8, \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd. \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb2\u0bb0\u0bcd (\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb9\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bcd, Niels Bohr) \u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0baf\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd [Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Centre] \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Fast Breeder Test Reactor], \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [Kamini Reactor], \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd [CANDU Model] \u0b89\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd [Dept of Atomic Energy] \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

\u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 [Atomic Power Station] \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd [Boiling Water Reactor, BWR] \u0b87\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8, \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bb0\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb2\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bbf \u0b87\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc7\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf [Enriched Uranium] \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0bb9\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Fuel Fabrication Plant] \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc0\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Radioactive Contaminations] \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0bae\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.\u00a0 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1 \u0baa\u0bb2 \u0b8e\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bae\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

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\u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 [Canadian Deuterium Uranium, CANDU] \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bcb\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f \u0b8f\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0baf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd [Natural Uranium] \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1. \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd [CANDU Fuel Bundles] \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f \u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc7\u0baf\u0bc7 \u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

2002 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd 13 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8 [End Shields] \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0b95\u0bbe\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

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\u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc2\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Indian Rare Earths], [Uranium Corporation of India Ltd], \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Nuclear Fuel Complex], \u0b95\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0b8e\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc0\u0b95\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Fuel Reprocessing Plants], \u0b95\u0ba9\u0ba8\u0bc0\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd , \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb2\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0bae\u0bcd [Bharath Heavy Electricals, Bhopal], [Larson & Tubro], [KSP Poona], \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b89\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc2\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd [Electronic Corporation of India Ltd] \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bc8.<\/p>\n

1955 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9c\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 [United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy] \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba8\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 1960 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd 1963 \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc2\u0baf & \u0baa\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcc\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95 \u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd [International Union of Pure & Applied Physics] \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 1964 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0b9f\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b90\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd, \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u201c\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bb5\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b8e\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8\u201d [No power is as costly as no power] \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b95\u0bc2\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b92\u0bb0\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bca\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b89\u0bb2\u0b95 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba9.<\/p>\n

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\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd<\/strong><\/p>\n

1962 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd 26 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bbe \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bc0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0b9f\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc7 \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0baa\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bbf \u0baf\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1!\u00a0 \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0ba4 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bc1 1964 \u0bae\u0bc7 27 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0bb2\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0bc8\u0ba9\u0bbe 1964 \u0b85\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcb\u0baa\u0bb0\u0bcd 21 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0baf\u0bae\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1!<\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe, \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bb0\u0bc8 \u0b92\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa \u0bb5\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1 \u0b86\u0baf\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b89\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe [Homi Sethna] \u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bc1\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0ba4\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bc0\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb3 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd [Underground Implosion] \u0b9a\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8 1974 \u0bae\u0bc7 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd 18 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bb8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0b95\u0bcd\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

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1966 \u0b9c\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bbf 24 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0ba8\u0bbe\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb4\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0b86\u0bb2\u0bcd\u00b7\u0baa\u0bcd\u0bb8\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bca\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0bbe\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd [Mont Blanc] \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bbf, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0ba9\u0ba4\u0bc1 57 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0baf\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b8e\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b93\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0baf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0bae\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0b87\u0bb4\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1 \u0b85\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bc8, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0bb9\u0bcb\u0bae\u0bbf N. \u0b9a\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0b9c\u0bbe \u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0ba3\u0bbe, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd M.R. \u0b9a\u0bc0\u0ba9\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b86\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bcb\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bbf, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bae\u0b9f\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf \u0b86\u0bb2 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc7 \u0baa\u0bcb\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9. 2005 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bc1 6 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b95\u0bbe\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1 540 MWe \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u201c\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd\u201d [Criticality] \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bae\u0b95\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9 \u0b9a\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0b95\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0ba4\u0bc1.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0ba4\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 17 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0ba4\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc2\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0b87\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd (2 x 500 MWe) \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b87\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb2 \u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba4\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bb0\u0bbf\u0bae\u0bbe\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1, \u0bae\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bae\u0bcd 3960 MWe \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 8 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baf\u0b99\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0ba9.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0b8e\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd 2008 \u0b86\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b86\u0ba3\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b89\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bcb\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0bae\u0bca\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4 \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bcd 6780 MWe \u0b86\u0b95\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0b95\u0bbf, \u0b95\u0bbf.\u0baa\u0bbf. 2020 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd 20,000 MWe \u0bae\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbe\u0bb0 \u0b86\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bb2\u0bc8 \u0b85\u0b9f\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bcb\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc7\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd.<\/p>\n

\u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bae\u0ba3\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b95\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3 \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.\u00a0 \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b85\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1 \u0b87\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9e\u0bcd\u0b9e\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b92\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1\u0ba4\u0bbe\u0ba9\u0bcd!\u00a0 \u0ba8\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0b9f\u0bbf\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0bcd\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0bae\u0bca\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b89\u0bb0\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b9f\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc7 \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd\u0baa\u0b95\u0bae\u0bcd [Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay], \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b86\u0bb0\u0bbe\u0baf\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bcd\u0b9a\u0bbf \u0bae\u0bc8\u0baf\u0bae\u0bcd [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre] \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc6\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0bb1\u0bc1, \u0b85\u0bb5\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bc8\u0bb5\u0bc8 \u0ba8\u0bbf\u0bb0\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbf \u0bb5\u0bbf\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0ba4\u0bc1.\u00a0 \u0b87\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf \u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bca\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd \u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb1\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bca\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bbe\u0bb2\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1, \u0b9f\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bb0\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbe\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0ba9\u0bcd \u0baa\u0ba3\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bc7\u0bb0\u0bca\u0bb3\u0bbf \u0b85\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0bb3\u0bcd\u0bb3\u0ba9 \u0b8e\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0baa\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bc7\u0ba9\u0bc1\u0bae\u0bcd \u0b90\u0baf\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd\u0bb2\u0bc8.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

********************
\nIndia\u2019s operating nuclear power reactors:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Reactor<\/strong><\/td>\nState<\/strong><\/td>\nType<\/strong><\/td>\nMWe net, each<\/strong><\/td>\nCommercial operation<\/strong><\/td>\nSafeguards status<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tarapur 1 & 2<\/strong><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/td>\nBWR<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n1969<\/td>\nitem-specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaiga 1 & 2<\/strong><\/td>\nKarnataka<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n1999-2000<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaiga 3<\/strong><\/td>\nKarnataka<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n2007<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kakrapar 1 & 2<\/strong><\/td>\nGujarat<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n1993-95<\/td>\nin 2012 under new agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalpakkam 1 & 2 (MAPS)<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n1984-86<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Narora 1 & 2<\/strong><\/td>\nUttar Pradesh<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n1991-92<\/td>\nin 2014 under new agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 1<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n90<\/td>\n1973<\/td>\nitem-specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 2<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n187<\/td>\n1981<\/td>\nitem-specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 3 & 4<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\n1999-2000<\/td>\nearly 2010 under new agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 5<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202<\/td>\nFeb 2010<\/td>\nOct 2009 under new agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tarapur 3 & 4<\/strong><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n490<\/td>\n2006, 05<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total (18)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n3981 MWe<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Kalpakkam also known as Madras\/MAPS
\nRajasthan\/RAPS is located at Rawatbhata and sometimes called that
\nKaiga = KGS, Kakrapar = KAPS, Narora = NAPS
\ndates are for start of commercial operation.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s nuclear power reactors under construction:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Reactor<\/strong><\/td>\nType<\/strong><\/td>\nMWe net, each<\/strong><\/td>\nProject control<\/strong><\/td>\nCommercial operation due<\/strong><\/td>\nSafeguards status<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kaiga 4<\/strong><\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202 MWe<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n3\/2010<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 6<\/strong><\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n202 MWe<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2\/2010<\/td>\nOct 2009 under new agreement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 1<\/strong><\/td>\nPWR (VVER)<\/td>\n950 MWe<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n9\/2010<\/td>\nitem-specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 2<\/strong><\/td>\nPWR (VVER)<\/td>\n950 MWe<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n3\/2011<\/td>\nitem-specific<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalpakkam PFBR<\/strong><\/td>\nFBR<\/td>\n470 MWe<\/td>\nBhavini<\/td>\n9\/2011<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total (5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n2774 MWe<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Rajasthan\/RAPS also known as Rawatbhata
\ndates are for start of commercial operation.<\/p>\n

Power reactors planned or firmly proposed<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Reactor<\/strong><\/td>\nState<\/strong><\/td>\nType<\/strong><\/td>\nMWe net, each<\/strong><\/td>\nProject control<\/strong><\/td>\nStart construct<\/strong><\/td>\nStart operation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kakrapar 3<\/strong><\/td>\nGujarat<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2010?<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kakrapar 4<\/strong><\/td>\nGujarat<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2010?<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 7<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2010?<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rajasthan 8<\/strong><\/td>\nRajasthan<\/td>\nPHWR<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2010?<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 3<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 AES 92 or AES-2006<\/td>\n1050-1200<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nlate 2010?<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 4<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 AES 92 or AES-2006<\/td>\n1050-1200<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2011?<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jaitapur 1 & 2<\/strong><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 EPR<\/td>\n1600<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nby 2012<\/td>\n2017-18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaiga 5 & 6<\/strong><\/td>\nKarnataka<\/td>\nPWR<\/td>\n1000\/1500<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nby 2012<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 5 & 6<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 AES 92 or AES-2006<\/td>\n1050-1200<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2012?<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kudankulam 7 & 8<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 AES 92 or AES-2006<\/td>\n1050-1200<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n2012?<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nPWR x 2<\/td>\n1000<\/td>\nNPCIL\/NTPC<\/td>\nby 2012?<\/td>\n2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jaitapur 3 & 4<\/strong><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/td>\nPWR \u2013 EPR<\/td>\n1600<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nby 2016<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kumharia<\/strong><\/td>\nHaryana<\/td>\nPHWR x 4<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nby 2012?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bargi<\/strong><\/td>\nMadhya Pradesh<\/td>\nPHWR x 2<\/td>\n640<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalpakkam 2 & 3<\/strong><\/td>\nTamil Nadu<\/td>\nFBR x 2<\/td>\n470<\/td>\nBhavini<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
?<\/strong><\/td>\n?<\/td>\nFBR x 2<\/td>\n470<\/td>\nBhavini<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\nAHWR<\/td>\n300<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\nby 2012<\/td>\n2020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Subtotal<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n29 units<\/strong><\/td>\n25,800 MWe<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jaitapur 5 & 6<\/strong><\/td>\nMaharashtra<\/td>\n6 x EPR<\/td>\n1600<\/td>\nNPCIL<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Markandi (Pati Sonapur)<\/strong><\/td>\nOrissa<\/td>\nPWR 6000 MWe<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mithi Virdi 1-6, Saurashtra region<\/strong><\/td>\nGujarat<\/td>\n6 x AP1000<\/td>\n1250<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pulivendula<\/strong><\/td>\nAndhra Pradesh<\/td>\nPWR?<\/td>\n2\u00d71000<\/td>\nNPCIL 51%, AP Genco 49%<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kovvada 1-6<\/strong><\/td>\nAndhra Pradesh<\/td>\n6 x ESBWR<\/td>\n1350-1550<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Haripur 1-4<\/strong><\/td>\nWest Bengal<\/td>\nPWR x 4 VVER-1200<\/td>\n1200<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n2022?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

For WNA reactor table: first 23 units \u2018planned\u2019, next (estimated) 15 \u2018proposed\u2019.
\nThe AEC has said that India now has \u201ca significant technological capability in PWRs and NPCIL has worked out an Indian PWR design\u201d which will be unveiled soon \u2013 perhaps 2010.<\/p>\n

Nuclear Energy Parks<\/strong><\/p>\n

In line with past practice such as at the eight-unit Rajasthan nuclear plant, NPCIL intends to set up five further \u201cNuclear Energy Parks\u201d, each with a capacity for up to eight new-generation reactors of 1,000 MWe, six reactors of 1600 MWe or simply 10,000 MWe at a single location.\u00a0 By 2032, 40-45 GWe would be provided from these five.\u00a0 NPCIL says it is confident of being able to start work by 2012 on at least four new reactors at all four sites designated for imported plants.<\/p>\n

The new energy parks are to be:<\/p>\n

Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu: three more pairs of Russian VVER units, making 9200 MWe.<\/p>\n

Jaitapur in Maharashtra: Preliminary work at is likely soon with six of Areva\u2019s EPR reactors in view, making 9600 MWe.<\/p>\n

Mithi Virdi (or Chayamithi Virdi) in Gujarat: to host US technology (Westinghouse AP1000).<\/p>\n

Kovvada in Andhra Pradesh: to host US technology (GE Hitachi ESBWR \u2013 possibly ABWR).<\/p>\n

Haripur in West Bengal: to host four further Russian VVER-1200 units, making 4800 MWe.<\/p>\n

At Markandi (Pati Sonapur) in Orissa there are plans for up to 6000 MWe of PWR capacity. Major industrial developments are planned in that area and Orissa was the first Indian state to privatise electricity generation and transmission. State demand is expected to reach 20 billion kWh\/yr by 2010.<\/p>\n

At Kumharia in Haryana the AEC had approved the state\u2019s proposal for a 2800 MWe nuclear power plant and the site is apparently earmarked for four indigenous 700 MWe PHWR units. The northern state of Haryana is one of the country\u2019s most industrialized and has a demand of 8900 MWe, but currently generates less than 2000 MWe and imports 4000 MWe. The village of Kumharia is in Fatehabad district and the plant may be paid for by the state government or the Haryana Power Generation Corp.<\/p>\n

Bargi in Madhya Pradesh is also designated for two indigenous 700 MWe PHWR units.<\/p>\n

The AEC has also mentioned possible new nuclear power plants in Bihar and Jharkhand.<\/p>\n

*************<\/p>\n

Information : http:\/\/www.world-nuclear.org\/info\/inf53.html<\/a>\u00a0(Nuclear Power in India)\u00a0 (World\u00a0 Nuclear\u00a0 Association\u00a0 Report)\u00a0\u00a0 Revised\u00a0 on\u00a0 March 13, 2010<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.npcil.nic.in\/<\/a>\u00a0(Nuclear Power Corporation\u00a0 India Ltd)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.hinduonnet.com\/fline\/fl2207\/stories\/20050408001104500.htm<\/a>\u00a0(India\u2019s largest nuclear power reactor reaches criticality months ahead of schedule, marking another milestone in its march towards technological self-reliance.)<\/p>\n

https:\/\/jayabarathan.wordpress.com\/2009\/08\/15\/nuclear-power-21st-century\/<\/a>\u00a0(21- Century Nuclear Power)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/wmd\/world\/india\/reactor.htm<\/a>\u00a0(India\u2019s Nuclear Power Reactors)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.dae.gov.in\/publ\/doc11\/page%202.htm<\/a>\u00a0(India\u2019s Energy Vision)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/nuclearweaponarchive.org\/India\/Bhabha.html<\/a>\u00a0(Dr. Homi Bhabha)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. Homi J. Bhabha (1909 \u2013 1966) \u0b9a\u0bbf.\u00a0\u0b9c\u0bc6\u0baf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd, B.E.(Hons), P.Eng.(Nuclear)\u00a0\u0b95\u0ba9\u0b9f\u0bbe \u201c\u0b85\u0ba3\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0bc8\u0baa\u0bcd \u0baa\u0bbf\u0bb3\u0ba8\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bc1 \u0b9a\u0b95\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bc8 \u0bb5\u0bc6\u0bb3\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bbe\u0b95\u0bcd\u0b95\u0bc1\u0bb5\u0ba4\u0bc1\u0b9f\u0ba9\u0bcd, \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bb2\u0bcd…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":154,"featured_media":109966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[748,5],"tags":[1060],"class_list":["post-109965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ariviyal","category-articles","tag-1060"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png","featured_image_urls":{"full":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png",800,420,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-300x158.png",300,158,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-768x403.png",640,336,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png",640,336,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png",800,420,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png",800,420,false],"covernews-featured":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3.png",800,420,false],"covernews-medium":["https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-3-540x340.png",540,340,true]},"author_info":{"display_name":"\u0b9a\u0bbf.\u0b9c\u0bc6\u0baf\u0baa\u0bbe\u0bb0\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd","author_link":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/?author=154"},"category_info":"\u0b85\u0bb1\u0bbf\u0bb5\u0bbf\u0baf\u0bb2\u0bcd<\/a> \u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd<\/a>","tag_info":"\u0b95\u0b9f\u0bcd\u0b9f\u0bc1\u0bb0\u0bc8\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd","comment_count":"0","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/154"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=109965"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109965\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/109966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=109965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=109965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=109965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}