{"id":82826,"date":"2018-01-17T05:21:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-16T23:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/?p=82826"},"modified":"2019-06-17T12:14:53","modified_gmt":"2019-06-17T06:44:53","slug":"a-treatement-of-vinaiyeccam-in-tamil-grammatical-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vallamai.com\/?p=82826","title":{"rendered":"A TREATEMENT OF VINAIYECCAM IN TAMIL GRAMMATICAL WORKS"},"content":{"rendered":"

-Dr. HEPSY ROSE MARY. A<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tolkappiyam the earliest extant grammatical work in Tamil deals with the vinaiyeccam or verbal participle in vinaiyiyal section of collatikaram.\u00a0 Further it speaks about the Vinaiyeccam of various ending in eluttatikaram and discusses the miscellaneous aspects of vinaiyeccam in \u2018 Eccaviyal\u2019.\u00a0 Viracoliyam of 11th<\/sup> century A.D treats the vinaiyeccam in tatuppatalam\u2019 in two karaikas.\u00a0 Neminatam of 12th<\/sup> century and Nannul of 13th<\/sup> centuru A.D deal with it in vinaiyiyal.\u00a0 Prayokavivekam of 17th<\/sup> century A.D. treats it in tinnuppatalam in two\u00a0 karikas .\u00a0 Ilakkana Vilakkam and Ilakkana Kottu of 17th<\/sup> century A.D deals with it in collatikkaram.\u00a0 Muttuviriyam and Saminatam 19th<\/sup> century A. D treats it in vinaiyiyal and vinaimarapu.\u00a0 An evaluation of the description of vinaiyeccam by these different grammatical works in attempted here.<\/p>\n

Definition:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The term vinaiyeccam refers to a set of verbal forms that includes the infinitive, the adverbial participle, the conditional and other.\u00a0 What all members of the category of vinaiyeccam share in common is that they lack oppositions of tense, person, number and gender; that they are subordinate verb forms incapable of constituting a complete predication by themselves; and that they must combine with other verb forms to make up a coherent sentence.1<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0 This is how Stanford B. Steever defines Vinaiyeccam.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cOn the Semantic properties of Vinaiyeccam\u201d \u2013 Selected papers on Tamil and Dravidian Libguistics- Sanfor B -0 Steever. P:64, 1981.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Classification of vinaiyeccam:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Tamil Grammatical works do not define the vinaiyeccam explicitly but they classify it in to so many types or patterns in the form of a formula.\u00a0 Tolkappiyam lists nine primary patterns of vinaiyeccam.\u00a0 They are as follows:\\<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ceytu, 2. Ceyyuu, 3. Ceypu, 4. Ceytena, 5. Ceyyiyar, 6. Ceyyiya, 7. Ceyin, 8. Ceya, 9. Ceyarku.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      These nine patterns and the six terminations of adverbial participles listed and two other types ( ati, ceyya) of the same, referred to in Toilkappiyam may be classified into sub-groups according to their different usages.2<\/sup><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Viracoliyam speaks about the two formulas \u2018tumanta\u2019 and tuvanta\u2019 pratyams following Sanskrit model. \u00a0Tumanta pratyam includes participles with the following terminations poruttu, ka, paan, tarku, vaan, aa.\u00a0 Tumanta pratyam includes participles with the terminations such as aa, ittu, tu, u, i.\u00a0 Tonnull vilakkam talks about fourteen termination such as i, u, ena, u, pu, a , il, in, iya, iyar, van, paan, paakku.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tolkappiyam and Muttuviriyam talks about fifteen patterns of vinaiyeccam.\u00a0 Neminatam and Nannul talk about twelve formulas.\u00a0 Ilakkana vilakkam lists eighteen formulas and Saminatam has thirteen formulas.\u00a0 Ilakkana kottu does not talk about this.\u00a0 Neminatam, Ilakkanavilakkam, Tonnul vilakkam and Saminatam added the vinaiyeccam with the suffixes paan, paakku etc to the list which are not found in Tolkappiyars pattern.\u00a0 The vinaiyeccam vaan mentioned by Nannul Ilakkanavilakkam, Muthuviriyam, Tonnul vilakkam and saminatam is not at all found in Tolkappiyam and Neminattam but Viracoliyam mentions vaan and paan.\u00a0\u00a0 These participles are latter developments in the language.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u201cNon \u2013 finite verbs\u201d \u2013 The trteatment of Morphology in Tolkappiyam : Dr. M. Israel. P: 210 – 1973<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Table of Vinaiyeccam patterns enumerated by the Tamil Grammatical works<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Tolkappiyam does not mention the pattern \u2018Ceyyaa\u2019 in the nine primary patterns in vinaiyiyal.\u00a0 But in Eluttatikaram, this is mentioned in 223 sutra.<\/p>\n

        \u201cCeyya ennum vinaiyencu kilaviyum<\/p>\n

        Avviyal tiriya tenmanar pulavar \u201d ( Tol.223)<\/p>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cenavaraiyar opines that \u2018ceyya\u2019 is the later varient\u00a0 from of ceyyuu. But Nannul, prayokavivekam,IIakkana Vilakkanam and Saminatam considers these two as\u00a0 separate.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ex.)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unna vantan,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 unnu vantan<\/p>\n

        Prayokavivekam introduces \u2018tuva\u2019 and \u2018tumun\u2019 as two types of vinaiyeccam patterns. The author- commentator includes nine patterns in the commentary in addition to whose referred to above.\u00a0 They are,<\/p>\n

        \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0tuva\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceytu<\/p>\n

        tumun\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceya<\/p>\n

        Kamun\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceyya<\/p>\n

        namul\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceyyu<\/p>\n

        yap\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceypu<\/p>\n

        iti\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ceytena<\/p>\n

        aticet\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0–\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ceyin, ceytal<\/p>\n

        nuvil\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ceyyiya<\/p>\n

        \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 He employs the Sanskrit technical terms to the designate each of vinaiyeccam types.\u00a0 But Viracoliyam which is\u00a0\u00a0 considered to be a Sanskrit based work. Like Prayokavivekam doesn\u2019t talk about these patterns. It seems that Prayokavivekam follows Tolkappiyam in the classification but adopts Sanskrit technical terms to designate them.<\/p>\n

        Morphological\u00a0 analysis :- <\/strong><\/p>\n

        Dr. Caldwell classifies the verbal participles in to,<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Verbal participle patterns \u2013 Ceytu,Ceyyu ,Ceypu, Ceyya<\/li>\n
        2. Purpose participle patterns \u2013 Ceyyiya,Ceyyiyar,Ceyarku<\/li>\n
        3. Conditional participle patterns \u2013 Ceyin<\/li>\n
        4. Infinitive participle patterns \u2013 Ceya<\/li>\n
        5. Adverbial participles \u2013 Pin , mum , kaal , katai, vali, itattu3<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Ceytu pattern:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This pattern of the form may be segmented as Cey-t-u.\u00a0 \u2018 Cey\u2019 verbal stem. \u2018t\u2019 \u2013 past tense marker and \u2018u\u2019 may be identified as verbal participle marker.\u00a0 Viracoliyam and Prayokavivekam employs the word \u2018tuva\u2019 instead \u2018 Ceytu\u2019.\u00a0 The tense of this participle pattern possess a difficult problem.\u00a0 Tolkappiyanar says that the pattern \u2018Ceytu\u2019 which denotes past tense may also occur in the future tense.\u00a0 Nannul, Ilakkana Vilakkam and Saminatam say that the pattern denotes only past tense.\u00a0 But prayokavivekam says that it denotes three tenses.\u00a0 Ilakkana Kottu and Muttuviriyam are of the opinion that there is no tense signification in the vinaiyeccam.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ex.)\u00a0\u00a0 untu\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vantaan<\/p>\n

          Untu\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Varukiraan<\/p>\n

          Untu\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Varuvaan<\/p>\n

          Ceypu Pattern:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This pattern of form may be segmented into cey, -pu.\u00a0 \u2018Cey\u2019 verbal stem \u2018pu\u2019 participle termination.\u00a0 Nannuul , Ilakkanavilakkam and Saminatam mention that the pattern \u2018 Ceypu\u2019 denotes only past tense.\u00a0 But Prayokavivekam says that it denotes three tenses.\u00a0 Naccinarkiniyar points out that it denotes an action done previous to that of the following verb and rarely the future tense.<\/p>\n

          Ceyyuu and Ceyyaa patterns:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tolkappiyanar includes \u2018 ceyyuu\u2019 in the list of adverbial participle patterns but only refers to the pattern \u2018 ceyyaa\u2019 in Ezhutatikaram, while dealing with the external Sandhi changes of words with final \u2018a\u2019.\u00a0 These patterns ceyyuu and ceyyaa may be segmented as \u2018 cey-uu and cey- aa, \u2018 cey\u2019 verbal stem uu and aa participle markers.\u00a0 According to Cenavarayar, the forms of the pattern \u2018ceyyu\u2019 denote the past tense.\u00a0 Teyvacilaiyar mentions that they denote either past or present.\u00a0 According to Naccinarkiniyar and Nannular they denote past tense.\u00a0 Ilakkanakottu and Saminatam also say that it denote past tense.\u00a0 As there is no tense marker in the above two patterns of forms they may be taken to denote different tenses.<\/p>\n

          Ceytena pattern:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This pattern consists of the verbal participle pattern \u2018 ceytu\u2019 and the infinitive participle pattern \u2018ena\u2019.\u00a0 The form \u2018ena\u2019 may be analysed into \u2018en-a\u2019,\u00a0 en \u2013 verbal stem a infinitive participle marker.\u00a0 Nannul and Ilakkanavilakkam say that it denotes past tense.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (ex) Unnena<\/p>\n

          Ceyyiya and Ceyyiyar patterns:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 These patterns consist of the verbal stem cey and the suffixes \u2018iya\u2019 and \u2018iyar\u2019 Ilampuranar is silent regarding the tense of these patterns of these forms.\u00a0 All the other commentators and authors are agreed in attributing the future tense signification to them.\u00a0 There is no overt marker to denote the tense in them.<\/p>\n

          Ceyarku pattern:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This pattern is used to denote a purposive significate.\u00a0 This consists of the verbal noun ceyal and dative marker \u2018ku\u2019.\u00a0 According to Cenavaraiyar and Teyvaccilaiyar the forms of this pattern but it does not talk about its tense signification.\u00a0\u00a0 Viracoliyam , Nannul, Prtayokavivekam, Ilakkana kottu and Saminitam do not include this in the list of adverbial participle patterns.<\/p>\n

          Ceyin pattern:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 This participle pattern consists of the verbal stem and the suffix \u2018n\u2019.\u00a0 According to Cenavaraiyar, the form of this pattern denotes three tenses but according to Teyvaccilaiyar, Naccinarkiniyar, Nannular and Vaitianatatecihar denote only the future tense.<\/p>\n

          Ceya Pattern:- <\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Dravidian Linguistics Dr. Caldwell, L.V. Ramaswamy Aiyar and others also consider \u2018 ceya\u2019 as the pattern of infinitive participles4<\/sup><\/strong>.\u00a0 The form ceya consists of verbal stem \u2018 cey\u2019 and the suffix\u2019a\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018ceya\u2019 is called as \u2018tuman\u2019 in Viracoliyam and \u2018 tumun \u2018 in Prayokavivekam.\u00a0 It is evident that tense is not marked in this form and it say that the pattern \u2018ceya\u2019 denote only present tense, but the commentator of Nannul and prayokavivekam say that it denotes three tenses.<\/p>\n

          (ex)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ter tara vantan, ter tara vrukiran, ter tara varuvan<\/p>\n

          Neminathan and Ilakkanavilakkam do not elaborate this aspect.<\/p>\n

          Adverbials:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Tolkappiyam and Ilakkana vilakkam list six forms as terminations of adverbial participles and Neminatam lists two forms ( pin, mun).\u00a0 Viracoliyam, Nannul Prayokavivekam and Saminatam do not talk about this.<\/p>\n

          Muttuviriyam list four or ( Pin, mun, kal, and katai) .\u00a0 The commentators cite following examples as adverbial participles.<\/p>\n

          (ex)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 vanta \u2013 pin, varu- mun, vanta-k-kaal, vanta-ka-katai, vanta-vazhi, vanta- idattu<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The above are the patterns of some of the adverbial expressions.\u00a0 On investigation it is found that the forms are not terminal suffixes but are real free forms.\u00a0 They are nous denoting place or time.\u00a0 This will be alternative analysis to this type of Vinaiyeccam.\u00a0 Hence it will a case of relative participle + noun.\u00a0 It seems that Nannul and Ilakkanal vilakkam are of this view.<\/p>\n

          For example,<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Neer poy kuriyapin mey kuruvaar yaar<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cenavaraiyar comments that \u2018kuriyapin\u2019 is taken as one word meaning kurinal \u2018if you utter\u2019 and that is labeled vinaiyeccam.\u00a0 Whilst others taken as two words kuriya and pin where kuriya is labeled as peyareccam.\u00a0 The commentary of Cenavariyar gives these views and one should examine it in detail.<\/p>\n

          Syntax and Semantics of vinaiyeccam:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nannular elaborately explains that vinaiyeccam shows the tense.\u00a0 He also explains ceytu, ceyya, ceypu, ceyyu and ceytena show past tense.\u00a0 Ceya shows present tense and ceyin, ceyyiya, ceyyiyar, vaan, paan and pakku show future tense.\u00a0 Tense signification of vinaiyeccam is elaborately explained in\u00a0Morphological analysis shown above.\u00a0 The six patterns in \u2018tumanta\u2019 pratyam ( ceya) explained in viracoliyam denote the meaning of dative case or fourth case<\/p>\n

          (ex)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unnutar poruttu \u2013 poruttu<\/p>\n

          Karkat tarpariyattaan \u2013 ka<\/p>\n

          Unpaan vantaan \u2013 tarku<\/p>\n

          Arivan Karuttuntu \u2013 vaan<\/p>\n

          Unna vallan- a<\/p>\n

          All the tuvanta pratyam in viracoliyam expect a shows the past tense.<\/p>\n

          (eg)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Untittup ponan \u2013 ittu<\/p>\n

          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pukuntup ponan \u2013 u<\/p>\n

          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pukkup ponaan \u2013 u<\/p>\n

          \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Colli ninraan \u2013 i<\/p>\n

          \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prayokavivekam states that \u2018 tuman\u2019 as called ceya and ceyin can be changed.\u00a0 Neminatam and Nannul explain that one vinaiyeccam becomes another vinaiyeccam in deep structure ( ceya \u2013 ceytu) .\u00a0 Eventhough they are formally different, the meaning is same.<\/p>\n

          (ex)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 nayiru pattu vantaan \u2013 nayiru pata vantaan<\/p>\n

          Kolikuvip polutu pularnthatu \u2013 kolikuvap polutup pularntatu<\/p>\n

          \u2018 pattu\u2019 and \u2018kuvi\u2019 are the verbal participle of the ceytu pattern.\u00a0 Tamil scholars interpret this verbal participle as verbal infinitive \u2018ceya\u2019.\u00a0 In both cases according to them ceya form has become ceytu form.\u00a0 Cenavaraiyar and Naccinarkkiniyar also explain these usages under the two sutras. ( Tc.Vi 34,35).\u00a0 Prayokavivekam mentions seven characteristic features of verbal participle of the pattern ceytu, ceyya, ceyu and ceypu (Pv,39) .\u00a0 There are,<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Manner adverbial clauses<\/li>\n
          2. Negative verbal participle clauses<\/li>\n
          3. Reduplication of participles<\/li>\n
          4. Interpretation of three tenses<\/li>\n
          5. Inversion<\/li>\n
          6. Samaana Karta as against pinna karta<\/li>\n
          7. Verbal participles in the form of finite verb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            1. Manner adverbial clauses:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

            The verbal participles clause occurs also as manner adverbial clause.\u00a0 It occurs as the first part of the compound root.\u00a0 But in some cases the first member of this compound root is in the pattern of ceytu, the verbal participle.\u00a0 Ordinarily when a verbal participle and another verb come together, it means that the action of the verbal participle occurs first and then the action of the verb,<\/p>\n

            (ex) \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kan mutic cirittan<\/p>\n

            Here the closing of the eyes and laughter occur togethers.<\/p>\n

            2. Negative verbal participle clauses:- <\/strong><\/p>\n

            The verbal participle and predicate which complete it my negute each if there is a verbal participle and the predicate (a).\u00a0 The first may be negative and the second positive.<\/p>\n

            (ex) unnatu vantan .<\/p>\n

            The first may be positive and the second negative.<\/p>\n

            (ex) untu varan<\/p>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tolkappiyam does not illustrate the Negative verbal participle pattern.\u00a0 But the commentator of Tolkappiyam and Tonnul Vilakkam cited the following negative verbal participle (with the following suffixes aamal, aatu aamai, aa<\/p>\n

            (ex): \u00a0 ceyaamal \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aamal<\/p>\n

            \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ceyaatu \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 –\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aatu<\/p>\n

            \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ceyaamai\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aamai<\/p>\n

            Ceyyaa\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 – \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aa<\/p>\n

            3. Reduplication of Verbal Participles<\/strong><\/p>\n

            The verbal participle occurring as predicate of verbal participle clause with verbal complement, casual adverbial, an manner adverbial function can be reduplicated.\u00a0 Verbal participles consisting of the same words are repeated.<\/p>\n

            (ex) Vantu vantu<\/p>\n

            Verbal participles consisting of different word may be piled up.<\/p>\n

            (ex) Kantu\u00a0 kettu untu uyirttu urrariyum<\/p>\n

            Tolkappiyam, Viracoliyam and Nannul explain this pattern.<\/p>\n

            4. Interpretation of three tenses:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

            The verbal participles of the \u2018ceyty\u2019 pattern comes with of three tenses.<\/p>\n

            (ex) \u00a0\u00a0 untu vantaan \u2013 past<\/p>\n

            Untu varukiran \u2013 present<\/p>\n

            Untu varuvaan \u2013 future<\/p>\n

            Thus it is concluded that untu can occurs in three tenses.<\/p>\n

            5. Inversion;-<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n
                \n
              1. The verbal participles sometimes inverted.<\/li>\n
              2. (ex) Kolunnar tolutezhuvaal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                According to the author \u2018 tolutezhuval\u2019 as an inversion of Elunthu tozhuval.\u00a0 Ezhutal is to wake up\u2019. \u2018tolutal\u2019 is to worship\u2019 because he feels one cannot offer physical worship before waking up from sleep.\u00a0 Only the Prayokavivekam explains this point.<\/p>\n

                6. Samana Karta as against pinna kartaa:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                Verbal participles of the pattern ceyyuu and ceypu take samana karta the predicate of their own subject.<\/p>\n

                (ex) Untu vantaan caattan<\/p>\n

                7. Verbal Participles in the form of finite verb;-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                The verbal participle \u2018ceytu\u2019 changes its form to that of finite verb, but that finite verb has to be interpreted as a verbal participle.<\/p>\n

                \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moyinal uyirtta kalai \u2013 Montu uyitta kaalai\u2019 moyinal which is the finite form has to be interpreted as the verbal participle \u2018montu\u2019.<\/p>\n

                \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tolkappiyam , Neminatam, Nannul, Prayokavivekam, Ilakkana Vilakkam, Muttuviriyam and saminatam state that verbs may occurs as the verb of the whole.\u00a0 Sometime as a verb of the whole becomes verb of the part.\u00a0 But Viracoliyam Ilakkana kottu and tonnul Vilakkam do not talk about it.<\/p>\n

                (ex)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Untu vantaan, Unnu vantan, Unkupu vantaan\u00a0 – verb of the whole<\/p>\n

                Kai irru viluntan, kai irru viluntaan, Kai irupu viluntaan \u2013 verb of the whole becomes verb of the part.<\/p>\n

                Conclusion:-<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 While going through the treatment of vinaiyeccam in Tamil Grammatical works we can see that generally Neminatam, Nannul, Ilakkana vilakkam, Muttuviriyam and Saminatam follow Tolkappiyam.\u00a0 But the Nannul and Saminatam do not talk about adverbial markers like kaal, katai, vali and itattu.\u00a0 For them it is a case of relative participle + Noun.\u00a0 Neminatam and Muttuviriyam accept the view of Tolkappiyam and Neminatam include mun and pin only and Muttuviriyam include pin, mun, kaal and katai.\u00a0 Tonnulvilakkam illustrates Negative verbal participle marker.\u00a0 Eventhough Viracoliyam and prayokavivekam follow the Sanskrit models, Prayokavivekam in most cases follows Tolkappiyam. \u00a0Viracoliyam classifies vinaiyeccam into two types that is tuva and tuman.\u00a0 Viracoliyam Neminatam and Muttuviriyam do not talk about the tense signification of vinaiyeccam.\u00a0 The others differ in their interpretation of tenses.\u00a0 The syntactic aspects of vinaiyeccam are also elaborated in these works except vinaiyeccam, where there is only a brief remark is fond.\u00a0 Prayokavivekam is unique that it gives a nine way classification with Sanskrit terms.\u00a0 It also summaries the syntactic aspects of vinaiyeccam under seven heads.<\/p>\n

                Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n